Abstract

Dual responsive copolymeric poly(N-(2-aminothiazolyl) maleamic acid-co-N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogels (PAMNI-NGs)
produced from N-(2-aminothiazolyl) maleamic acid (AMA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) through a simple free radical
emulsion polymerization. The formations of PAMNI-NGs were confirmed by Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TEM and DLS
results gave the surface morphology and particle size, respectively, that PAMNI-NGs are semi slightly spherical and are found
around 100 nm, further it is confirmed with AFM. Further, Zidovudine (ZDV), an anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug, was
successfully loaded into the developed PAMNI-NGs using an equilibrium swelling method. The formation of PAMNI-NGs was
investigated through FTIR, DLS, AFM, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, while the ZDV-loaded PAMNI-
NGs were confirmed from FTIR and XRD studies. The encapsulation efficiency of ZDV is varied from 33 to 82%. The in vitro
release studies of ZDV from the PAMNI-NGs were examined in different gastrointestinal tract pH conditions (pH 1.2 and 7.4)
at 25° and 37°C. The presence of aminothiazole functionality in the PAMNI-NGs also showed excellent antibacterial activity
towards bacterial strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli
and Klebsiella pneumoniae).Therefore, the in vitro release and antibacterial studies revealed the efficiency of PAMNI-NGs
toward site specific drug delivery and antimicrobial applications, respectively.