Abstract

Microwave-assisted organic synthesis in convergence with the principles of green chemistry is rapidly conquering its unending
position in the modern era of chemical sciences. Microwave chemistry is science of using microwave radiation to perform
chemical reactions. Microwaves heat medium containing polar molecules in a fluid or conducting ions in a solid, by acting as
high-frequency electric fields. Polar solvents are heated because their constituent molecules rotate with the field and lose energy
in collisions, therefore for the chemical reactions to continue, the dipole moments of molecules are necessary. The choice
of microwave-assisted synthesis over conventional synthesis provides plethora of advantages to develop convenient cleaner
synthetic routes such as higher yields in a fraction of time, minimum use of toxic starting materials and solvents, accelerated
reaction rates and greater selectivity. The fundamental mechanisms operating in microwave reactors involve Dipolar-polarization
and conduction. In recent times, the use of microwave reactors is popularly increasing in both industries and academia. Chemists
are discovering microwave technology as a coping mechanism for hazardous, non-environmentally friendly chemical reactions.
The present article highlights the advantages of microwave heating over conventional heating by giving examples of popular
reactions which can be carried out easily and quickly by this technique, as well as synthesising environment friendly products.