Abstract

Hydrogels are emerging as innovative materials in biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review focuses on the development and applications of polymeric hydrogel matrices and silver nanocomposites,
emphasizing their role in controlled drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. Polymeric hydrogels derived from natural polymers, such as sesbania gum, hyaluronic acid, and carboxymethyl chitosan, alongside synthetic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), are highlighted for their ability to achieve sustained and targeted drug delivery. These materials provide a promising platform for delivering bioactive molecules, particularly chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, with reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. The review also delves into the integration of silver nanoparticles within hydrogels, a strategy that imparts robust antimicrobial properties, making these composites highly effective for wound healing applications. Synthesis methodologies, including chemical cross-linking and environmentally friendly green techniques are discussed in detail, providing insights into their influence on the structural and functional properties of the hydrogels. In addition, the article explores the potential of stimuli-responsive hydrogels, capable of responding to environmental triggers, such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength, for precise and controlled drug release. Recent advances in these hydrogel systems are examined, showcasing their applications in cancer therapy, wound healing, and infection management. The review further identifies existing challenges, such as scalability and regulatory hurdles, while proposing future research directions to enhance the efficacy and commercial viability of these systems. Ultimately, this article consolidates the present state of research and underscores the transformative potential of hydrogel-based platforms in advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes.