Abstract

Penna is an important water source for Kadapa district. Its water is used for drinking, irrigation, and industrial
purposes throughout its course. Owing to this utilization its surface water quality is prone to vary in its physico-
chemical characteristics, and thus the study was taken to analyze them. In 10 sample sites, the physico-chemical
properties were analyzed. Hardness values were in the range of 194-344.52 mg L−1 and alkalinity was in the range
of 120-226 mg L−1. Calcium and bicarbonate ions formed the dominant ions in the river system. High electrical
conductivity values and alkalinity values indicate that water is not that much suitable for agricultural purpose.