Abstract

Ensuring access to safe drinking water is a fundamental public health priority, particularly in geographically diverse and ecologically sensitive regions like Garhwal and Kumaon in Uttarakhand. Water Safety Plans (WSPs), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), provide a proactive and systematic approach to managing water quality risks from source to consumption. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of WSP implementation in Uttarakhand, evaluating its effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. The paper examines the regulatory framework, institutional mechanisms, and technological interventions adopted for water safety management in the state. Despite having abundant water resources, Garhwal and Kumaon regions face multiple challenges, including contamination due to natural and anthropogenic factors, inadequate treatment infrastructure, and policy enforcement gaps. Through a review of case studies, government reports, and field surveys, the study identifies key gaps in monitoring, financial constraints, and limited community engagement as major barriers to effective WSP implementation. The findings suggest that while Uttarakhand has made progress in implementing WSPs, a more holistic, participatory, and resource-efficient approach is required to ensure long-term water security. Strengthening institutional capacity, increasing financial investment, and promoting public awareness are essential for the successful implementation of WSPs in the region. This study provides actionable recommendations to bridge existing gaps and enhance water safety management in Uttarakhand, contributing to the broader goal of achieving universal access to safe drinking water.